Amphetamine Salts
Generic: mixed amphetamine salts · Brand: Adderall® · Class: Stimulant — Schedule II (Amphetamine)
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How It Works
Adderall contains a mixture of amphetamine salts (75% dextroamphetamine, 25% levoamphetamine) that work by increasing the release and blocking the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. This boosts activity in the prefrontal cortex — the area responsible for focus, impulse control, and executive function. As an immediate-release formulation, it begins working within 30–60 minutes and lasts approximately 4–6 hours, making it flexible for targeted coverage throughout the day.
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What It Treats
ADHDFDA-approved for children 3+ and adults — one of the most widely prescribed and well-studied ADHD treatments
NarcolepsyFDA-approved for excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy
Targeted DosingShort duration allows flexible scheduling — useful when coverage is only needed for specific parts of the day
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Dosing Overview
| Population | Start | Typical Range | Max |
|---|---|---|---|
| Children 3–5 ADHD | 2.5 mg daily | 5–20 mg/day | 40 mg/day |
| Children 6+ ADHD | 5 mg 1–2x daily | 5–30 mg/day | 40 mg/day |
| Adults ADHD | 5 mg 1–2x daily | 10–40 mg/day | 60 mg/day |
Immediate release — takes effect in 30–60 min, lasts 4–6 hours. Often taken 2–3 times daily. Take first dose on waking. Avoid doses after 3–4 PM to prevent insomnia.
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Side Effects
Common
- Decreased appetite
- Insomnia
- Increased heart rate
- Dry mouth
- Headache
- Stomach upset
- Irritability or mood crash (rebound)
- Mild anxiety
Call us if you notice
- Chest pain or palpitations
- Severe anxiety or panic
- Psychosis or hallucinations
- Significant increase in blood pressure
- Tics worsening
- Signs of serotonin syndrome
Appetite suppression is most common — eating a good breakfast before the first dose and a snack when appetite returns in the evening helps maintain nutrition. The "rebound" effect (irritability as medication wears off) is common and may improve with dose or timing adjustments.
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Tips for Success
Take in the MorningTake stimulants early in the day to avoid insomnia at night.
With or After BreakfastFood reduces stomach upset and helps avoid appetite suppression affecting meals.
Watch SleepIf it affects sleep, talk to your provider about adjusting timing or dose.
Avoid AlcoholAlcohol can worsen ADHD symptoms and interact with medication.
Stay HydratedDrink plenty of water — stimulants can cause dry mouth and dehydration.
Track Your ResponseNote focus, mood, appetite, and sleep daily to share with your provider.
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Important Safety Information
Controlled Substance — Schedule II: Stimulant ADHD medications have a high potential for abuse and dependence. Take only as prescribed. Do not share with others. Store securely.
Cardiovascular Risk: Stimulants raise heart rate and blood pressure. Tell your provider about any heart conditions, high blood pressure, or family history of heart problems. Seek emergency care for chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting.
Psychiatric Effects: Stimulants can cause or worsen anxiety, irritability, agitation, or psychosis — especially at higher doses. Report any new or worsening psychiatric symptoms.
Growth in Children: Stimulants can slow height and weight gain in children. Your provider will monitor growth at each visit.
Do Not Use With MAOIs: Combining stimulants with MAOIs can cause a dangerous, potentially life-threatening reaction. Wait at least 14 days after stopping an MAOI.
Pregnancy: Discuss risks and benefits with your provider. Do not stop without consultation.
Questions? I am here.
Reach me between appointments if you have concerns about side effects, notice mood changes, or have questions about your medication.
360-389-3712
info@rootedmindspsychiatry.com